Hpc new User Orientation February 2, 2018 Objective



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HPC New User Orientation

February 2, 2018


Objective

To successfully submit a job on the Hopper cluster and learn cluster basics.

Lab Prerequisites

  • Valid Hopper HPC account

  • Laptop connected to the AU wireless network

  • Secure shell client, with connection settings for Hopper:
    Linux and Mac OS users, use your favorite terminal to connect.
    SecureCRT is recommended for Window users.

Lab Exercises

  • Getting Started & Basic Linux Commands

  • Research Software

  • Job Submission

  • Job Scheduling

Reference

  • Hopper User Guide: http://aub.ie/hug

  • Lynda.com



  1. Getting Started & Basic Linux Commands

Reminder: command syntax is:


$ [optional]
The dollar sign ($) is a symbol for the command like prompt. You do not need to type the first $ you see for each command. Wherever you see $, you should run the command.
Use SecureCRT or PuTTY to connect to hopper.auburn.edu with your normal AU username and password. If you are using a terminal program, you can simply type:
ssh @hopper.auburn.edu

Issue the following commands and take note of what you see on the screen, the output…


$ pwd

pwd stands for “present working directory” so you should see something like /home/username on the screen.


$ cd

$ pwd


$ cd /tmp

$ pwd


$ cd ~

$ pwd

cd stands for change directory (folder). If you issue cd without anything else, it does nothing. If you give it a path (like /tmp), it will take you to a different directory in the file system.
The last command uses the special character “~” (tilde) which Linux translates to your home directory. You should see the path to your home directory on the screen after issuing the last command in this section.
So, now you have practiced moving around the file system and finding where you are.




Enter the following commands …
$ ls

$ mkdir training

$ ls -al

$ cd training

$ pwd

$ echo “hello world” > hello.txt



$ ls -al

$ cat hello.txt


In this section, you created and accessed a new directory, created a file with redirection (>) and viewed its contents.


$ echo “hello again” > hello2.txt

$ ls -al


$ cat hello2.txt

$ echo “hello world” >> hello.txt

$ cat hello.txt

$ echo “hello world” > hello.txt

$ cat hello.txt

$ ls -al > files.txt

$ cat files.txt

Here, we created yet another file with different content using output redirection (>). Then, we appended to the file using the append operation (>>).


Next, we overwrote our changes by going back to the single > operator which demonstrates that output redirection can be destructive!
Finally, we redirected the output of our “ls -al” command to a file. This demonstrates that we can create files from programs and commands we run.

---
$ ls -al

$ rm hello2.txt

$ ls -al


$ groups

$ chgrp research hello.txt

$ ls -al

$ chmod 750 hello.txt

$ ls -al

$ ls -al hello.txt

This group of commands used the rm command to delete a file. Then we used chmod and chgrp to change the file ownerships and permissions.


Look back at the output of these commands and pay close attention to the changes when “ls -al” is run. What changes do you see? What do they mean?


$ cd ..

$ pwd

$ ls -al


$ cd training

$ pwd


$ ls -al .

$ ls -al ..

$ cd .

$ pwd



Here we perform a quick demonstration of the “.” and “..” special operators.
As you can see, “cd ..” takes us back up to our home directory, while cd “.” doesn’t take us anywhere.
“..” tells Linux to look back into the directory “above” our current location.
“.” tells Linux we are talking about the current directory.
You can also see . and .. in your directory listing when you run “ls -al”
Now you are ready to do some shell scripting…


$ nano myscript.sh



You should see a drastic change to your screen! This command has launched the “nano” file editor.
Here we can enter the contents of a file, much like a word processor or notepad application in a desktop environment like Windows.

Let’s create a small program that we can run using nano. Enter the following lines in your nano window …


#!/bin/bash
x=0

while [ $x -lt 10 ]

do

echo "$x: Hello World!"



((x+=1))

done
Then enter CTRL-X. At the bottom of the screen nano will ask you if you want to save the file. Type Y.


Then, nano will ask you what you want to name the file. Just hit enter since we already told nano what we wanted to call the file.

$ ls -al

$ chmod 750 myscript.sh

$ ls -al

$ ./myscript.sh



Now we have created a bash script! But we can’t actually run the script until we grant file “execute” privileges. We do this here with “chmod 750 myscript.sh”.
Then, we run the script with “./myscript.sh”. The “./“ tells Linux that the file we want to run is in the current directory.
Does your script work? Is the output what you expected?

Create a prime directory within your home directory and copy the prime files there:


pwd

mkdir prime

cp /tools/docs/tutorials/mpi/prime/* ~/prime/

cd prime


ls -l

chown : *




  1. Research Software


Setting the Environment/Compiling Code
To compile an MPI program so that it will run in parallel, you must use an MPI-enabled compiler.
mpicc prime.c -o prime
Note: You should receive an error as you haven’t loaded the MPI environment yet.

To make sure you have Open MPI available to use:


module list

module avail openmpi

module load openmpi/gcc

module list

Now try to compile the source code again:
mpicc prime.c -o prime



  1. Job Submission

Now run the executable that you just created by running it directly on the login node:


mpirun -np 2 prime
Next, take it one step further and run your program interactively. This will run your program as a job on one of the compute nodes.
qsub -q core -l nodes=1:ppn=2 -I

module load openmpi/gcc

mpirun -np 2 ~/prime/prime

exit
Note: The core queue is only used for this demo, you’ll need to use the general queue for your research jobs. If you don’t specify a queue in your job sub, you’ll get the general queue by default.

Finally, submit your job as a batch job to the cluster.
The script run.sh takes a single parameter and generates a Torque qsub command based on your specific user and environment settings:

nano run.sh


To run your program using 2 processors on any available computer nodes in the cluster:
./run.sh 2

Can also run prime using a PBS script: prime.pbs


( Note: Replace ‘terrykd’ with your user id in the script. )
---------------------------------------

#!/bin/bash


#PBS -N Prime

#PBS -m abe

#PBS -M terrykd@auburn.edu

#PBS -l nodes=1:ppn=2,pmem=1gb

#PBS -q core

#PBS -d /home/terrykd/prime


cd /home/terrykd/prime
module load openmpi/gcc

mpirun prime

---------------------------------------

Submit the job using the script:

qsub prime.pbs
How to monitor your job:
showq -u

qstat -u

qstat -f

checkjob –v –v –v
How to cancel a job:
mjobctl -c

qdel

canceljob


  1. Job Scheduling


When will my job run? What resources are available?
Before submitting a job, users should consider:


  1. What's running on the nodes in their reservation:

  • If available nodes in your reservation, then use your reservation.

  • If no available nodes in your reservation, but you do NOT want your job preempted, then use your reservation. However, your job must wait.

  • Use this script to determine what’s running on your reservation:




    • /tools/scripts/ whats-running-on-my-rsv.sh

How to specify your reservation in your job submission:



  • Use ADVRES flag in qsub.

  • rsub instead of qsub ( Recommended )


  1. Current system load ( what's running on the system now ) AND current demand ( what jobs are waiting to run ):

  • If available nodes and you do NOT care if job is preempted, then submit without reservation.

  • If no available nodes and you submit without reservation, your job must wait.

  • Use this script to determine what resources are available:




    • /tools/scripts/rc-summary.sh


Best Practices Summary

Running a new program for the first time:



  • First, run on login node just to make sure that your code will run.

  • Then run using qsub in interactive mode to make sure that it will run on a compute node.

  • Finally, run in batch mode using qsub.

Do not run jobs on the login node except as a test.



  • This means short jobs using small amounts of memory to ensure that your code will run.

  • Processes that violate this will be killed.

Do not submit a job and walk away or leave for weekend.



  • Make sure the job is running or, if not, know why it's not running.

Specify walltimes in your job submission.



  • Allows Scheduler to maximize utilization which means your jobs run sooner.

  • Users should receive an email after a job completes that contains the actual walltime.

Submit short-running jobs with fewer resources in order to reduce likelihood of preemption when not using your group’s reservation.


Clean up when your jobs are finished.

  • Hopper does not provide archival or long-term storage.

  • If files no longer need to be available for work on the system, copy them off and delete them so that the space can be used for active projects.

Pay attention to your disk usage.



  • Once the hard limit is reached in disk space or # of files, your program will stop executing.

Do not share passwords or accounts.



  • If you want others to access your files, then set them to read only.


How to Get Help
Because Hopper is regarded as a research (rather than production) system, HPC support is normally available only during regular business hours. When reporting problems, please provide as much relevant information as possible. This should include the following, as appropriate:


  • date and time when the problem occurred

  • job number

  • text of the command(s) which you issued

  • exact and complete text of any error messages

  • any other information helpful in identifying or resolving the problem



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